Applicants are encouraged to present accounts of research in seminars and to attend conferences relevant to their studies; all the subject groups hold regular research seminars; applicants have the opportunity to talk about their progress, plans and research needs at regular intervals with the member of staff overseeing the Graduate Programme; there is a particular postgraduate training plan for the 1st year; it consists of university, faculty and departmental inductions, short courses on various issues (Unix, TeX, presentation, scientific writing), and a study of background literature.